Oct 13, 2016

表達船和港口相關用語

















1.  () 船、艇  boat = craft (單複數同形)
例:搭船旅行  travel by boat/sea
        在船上  on/in a boat
        同病相憐  be in the same boat
比較:大船、艦  ship  (一般比boat) = vessel = craft (單複數同形)
           (例:上船  go/get onto a ship = get on (a ship) = (go on) board (a ship) = go aboard (a ship) = embark (on a ship)
                    下船  get off (a ship) = leave a ship = disembark/debark (from a ship) )
2.  ()   raft  (其也可指「橡皮艇」,見下)
3.  用槳划的船、划艇  rowboat = rowing boat
補充:(一般透過槳架和船體相連的)   oar
            (比較:由划槳者自行操控、不透過槳架和船體相連的)   paddle
            划槳者、槳手、划船者  oarsman/oarswoman (尤指划船隊槳手) = rower 
4.  (將樹幹中間挖空製成的) 獨木舟  dugout (canoe)
比較:(用單葉槳划、一般艇面為開放式的) 獨木舟、輕艇  canoe
            (用雙葉槳划、一般艇面為封閉式的) 獨木舟、輕艇  kayak
5.  帆船  sailboat = sailing boat
補充:帆;航行、啟航、駕駛帆船、開船  sail
            (例:揚帆/收帆  hoist/lower the sails
                     啟航、出海  (set) sail = put (out) to sea = put out)
             船桅、桅杆  mast
             索具  rigging
6.  遊艇  yacht = cruiser
例:豪華遊艇  luxury yacht
7.  快艇  speedboat = powerboat = motorboat
8.  救生艇、救生船  lifeboat
補充:救生衣  life vest/jacket
            救生圈  life buoy/belt
9.  橡皮艇  (rubber) raft/dinghy
例:充氣橡皮艇  inflatable raft
10.  氣墊船  hovercraft
比較:水翼船  hydrofoil
            水陸兩用車  amphibious vehicle = amphibian
11.  漁船  fishing boat
比較:拖網漁船  trawler
12.  拖船  tug(boat)
13.  貨船、貨輪  freighter = cargo ship
比較:貨櫃船  container ship
14.  (在運河或河川中運貨用的大型) 平底船  barge
15.  油輪  (oil) tanker
16.  渡輪  ferry (boat)
例:搭渡輪去    go to ~ by ferry = go to ~ on the ferry = take the ferry to ~
17.  郵輪、客輪  (ocean/cruise) liner = cruise ship
補充:搭郵輪旅行  go on a cruise = cruise
18.  蒸氣輪船、汽船  steamer = steamship/steamboat
19.  腳踏船  pedal boat = pedalo
20.  船屋、水上住宅  houseboat
21.  軍艦  warship
22.  旗艦  flagship
23.  巡洋艦  cruiser
24.  航空母艦  aircraft carrier
25.  潛水艇  sub(marine)
補充:潛望鏡  periscope
26.  船頭、船首、艏  bow(s) = prow
比較:船尾  stern
            船身、船體  hull
27.  左舷  port (side)
比較:右舷  starboard (side)
補充:舷窗  porthole
28.    rudder
29.  龍骨、船骨  keel
30.  甲板、艙面  deck
例:在甲板上  on deck
31.  船艙、艙室、客艙  cabin
32.  臥鋪、鋪位  berth = bunk
33.  舵手室、駕駛室  wheelhouse = pilot house
比較:(小船的) 舵手座、駕駛座  cockpit
34.  船上廚房  galley
35.  貨艙  hold
36.  逃生艙口  escape hatch
37.    anchor
例:拋錨  drop anchor 起錨  weigh/raise anchor
        拋錨停泊著  at anchor
補充:停泊、繫泊  moor
            停泊處、繫泊處  mooring
38.  船長  captain = skipper (尤指小船或漁船的船長)
39.  (商船上的) 大副  (first) mate = first officer
比較:二副  second mate/officer
40.  水手、船員、海員  sailor = seaman = crewman (= crewmember) = hand = seafarer = mariner
例:不會暈船/會暈船的人  a good/bad sailor
        (補充:暈船  be/feel/get seasick)
比較:水手長  bosun = boatswain
41.  舵手  helmsman = steersman = pilot
42.  領航員、導航員  navigator
比較:(引導船隻通過危險或壅塞水域的) 引水員、(引船入港的) 領港員  pilot
43.  (船上管帳和處理乘客問題的) 事務長  purser
44.  (船上) 服務員、乘服員  steward/stewardess
45.  (船上) 全體機組員  crew
46.  船夫、租船老闆  boatman
47.  漁民、漁夫  fisherman
48.  造船工、造船商  shipbuilder
比較:造船工、修船工  shipwright
補充:造船廠、修船廠  shipyard = dockyard
            造船業  shipbuilding
            使 (() ) 下水  launch
49.  碼頭工  longshoreman = dock(work)er
50.  碼頭、船塢  dock  (表「碼頭」時,也可用  wharfquay   jetty)
例:乾 () (港口中可將水抽乾的一塊區域,便於修船或造船用)  dry dock
比較:凸式碼頭、突堤、長堤  pier
            (尤指木製的) 浮動碼頭  landing (stage) = jetty
            (供遊艇停靠的) 休閒碼頭  marina
51.  防波堤  breakwater = jetty = pier
52.  港口 (城市)  port
例:漁港  fishing port
        貨櫃港  container port
        軍港  naval port
        進港  come into port
        靠港中  in port
比較:(一般比port小、供較小的船停靠的) 港口    harbo(u)r
補充:起重機  crane
            堆高機  fork-lift (truck)
            貨櫃  container
            (用船或飛機所運載的) 貨物  cargo = freight
53.  渡輪站  ferry terminal
54.  燈塔  lighthouse
55.  浮標  buoy
56.  海巡隊 (隊員)  coastguard  (表「海巡隊隊員」時,也可用  coastguardman)
57.  船難、失事船  (ship)wreck
補充:遭遇船難  be (ship)wrecked
            () 擱淺、使 () 擱淺  ground
             (表「() 擱淺」時,也可用  run/go aground)
             () 翻覆、使 () 翻覆  capsize = overturn = keel (over)
             () 沉沒、使 () 沉沒  sink 
             (表「() 沉沒」時,也可用  founder)
             從船上落水  fall overboard
             (船難後) 漂流至荒島上的人  castaway
60. (船或飛機的速度單位)   knot
補充:海哩  nautical/sea mile