Jan 18, 2017

表達農場相關用語:常見蔬菜篇











1() vegetable = veggie
例:根莖類蔬菜  root vegetable
綠色蔬菜、綠葉蔬菜  green vegetable = greens
       生菜沙拉  salad of raw vegetables 
 菜園  vegetable garden 
  (比較:菜地  vegetable patch/plot) 
補充:(某些蔬菜,如萵苣、高麗菜等的) 菜心  heart
 蔬菜可食部分;果肉  flesh
  ()  leaf
            莖、柄、梗  stalk = stem
 (比較:(馬鈴薯、芋頭等植物的) 塊莖  tuber)
()  root
素菜  vegetarian dish
素食餐廳、素菜館  vegetarian restaurant
素食者、吃素的人  vegetarian = veggie = veggy
  (比較:(不吃肉、奶、蛋等,且不用動物性產品的) 純素者、嚴格素食主
                義者  vegan)
(蔬菜、水果等當令的、當季的  in season
   (比較:(蔬菜、水果等非當令的、非當季的  out of season)
2. 豆芽 ()  bean sprout
例:黃豆芽 ()  soybean sprout
  綠豆芽 ()  mung bean sprout
比較:碗豆芽 ()  pea sprout
苜蓿芽  ()  alfalfa sprout
3. 萵苣、生菜  lettuce
例:一整顆萵苣  a head of lettuce
結球萵苣、美生菜  iceberg lettuce
長葉萵苣、蘿蔓 (萵苣)、蘿美生菜  romaine = cos (lettuce)
臺灣萵苣、本島萵苣、A ()   Taiwan(ese) lettuce = A choy
4. 菊苣、苦苣  chicory = endive (其中  chicory  也可指「菊苣根」)
5. 西洋菜、水田芥  watercress
6. 芝麻菜、火箭菜  rocket = arugula
7. 芹菜、西洋芹  celery
例:一根芹菜  a stick/stalk of celery
比較:根芹 ()、塊根芹  celeriac
8. 菠菜  spinach 
9. 瑞士甜菜、牛皮菜  (Swiss) chard
10. 空心菜、應菜  water spinach = water convolvulus = Chinese spinach (其也可指「莧菜」)
11. 油菜  rape(seed)
12. 芥菜、刈菜、長年菜  mustard greens = mustard leaf = Chinese mustard = Jie Cai
13. 茼蒿  garland chrysanthemum = chrysanthemum greens = crown daisy
14. 高麗菜、包心菜、洋白菜、結球甘藍  cabbage
比較:羽衣甘藍、無頭甘藍  kale = collard greens
抱子甘藍、球芽甘藍  (Brussel(s)) sprout
球莖甘藍  kohlrabi
芥藍、芥蘭  Chinese kale = Chinese broccoli
15. () 白菜  Chinese cabbage = Chinese leaves/leaf  (表「大白菜」時,也可用  napa cabbage)
比較:小白菜  bok choy = pak choi
            上海白菜、青江菜、湯匙菜  Shanghai bok choy
微型大白菜、娃娃菜  baby (Chinese) cabbage
16. 綠花椰菜、青花椰菜  broccoli
比較:白花椰菜  cauliflower (= cauli)
17. 朝鮮薊、洋薊  (globe) artichoke
比較:菊芋、洋薑  (Jerusalem) artichoke
18. 甜椒、彩椒  (bell) pepper = sweet pepper
例:青椒/紅椒/黃椒  green/red/yellow pepper
19. 茄子  eggplant = aubergine
20. 番茄、西紅柿  tomato
例:番茄切片  sliced tomato
牛番茄  beef tomato = beefsteak tomato
櫻桃番茄、聖女番茄  cherry tomato
21. () 黃瓜、胡瓜  cucumber
例:醃黃瓜  pickled cucumber = pickle = gherkin
( () 黃瓜一樣清涼,意指) 涼快的、冷靜的、泰然自若的 
          (as) cool as a cucumber
比較:絲瓜  loofah (= luffa)  (其也可指絲瓜布)
   櫛瓜、小胡瓜、密生西葫蘆  zucchini = courgetti
   苦瓜  bitter melon = bitter gourd = bitter squash
   冬瓜  winter melon = ash/winter/wax gourd
 南瓜  pumpkin
 (例:南瓜派  pumpkin pie
  補充:南瓜燈籠  jack-o'-lantern)
  冬南瓜  butternut squash
22. 四季豆、敏豆  green bean = French bean = string bean (其也可指「紅花菜豆」(見下)) = snap bean
比較:(豆莢外型似四季豆、長在開紅花的攀緣植物上的) 紅花菜豆  runner bean =
scarlet runner = string bean = pole bean
23. 豌豆、青豆  pea
例:(豆莢飽滿、莢和豆一起吃的) ()   sugar snap (pea) = sugar pea
           (比較:(豆莢扁、莢和豆一起吃的嫩豌豆、荷蘭豆、雪豆 snow pea =
mangetout)
 (像是一個豆莢裡的兩顆豌豆,意指兩者一模一樣  like (two) peas in a pod
比較:鷹嘴豆 (外型似豌豆的一種淺棕色硬圓豆)  chickpea = garbanzo (bean)
24. 秋葵  okra = ladies' fingers = gumbo
25. 金針  golden needle = (citron) daylily
26. 蘆筍、龍鬚菜  asparagus
27. 竹筍  bamboo shoot
例:筍乾、筍干、筍絲  dried bamboo shoot = menma
比較:筊白筍  water bamboo = (Manchurian) wild rice stem
28. 玉米 ()、玉蜀黍  corn = maize = mealie (其中 corn 也可指「穀物、穀粒」或「甜玉米 () = sweetcorn」;此外,表「玉米粒」時,也可用 kernel)
例:玉米棒、一根玉米  corn on the cob  (其中  cob 指的是「玉米芯、玉米穗
         軸」,也可稱作  corncob)
        罐頭玉米  canned/tinned corn
玉米筍  baby corn = young corn
29. 紅蘿蔔、胡蘿蔔  carrot
例:紅蘿蔔絲  grated carrot
(紅蘿蔔和棒棍雙管齊下,意指軟硬兼施、威逼利誘、恩威並重 
   the carrot and (the) stick (approach)
比較:白蘿蔔、大根daikon = mooli
 小蘿蔔、櫻桃蘿蔔  radish
 歐洲蘿蔔、芹菜蘿蔔、歐 () 防風  parsnip
30. 蕪菁  turnip
比較:蕪菁甘藍、瑞典蕪菁  rutabaga = swede
31. 辣根、西洋山葵  horseradish
比較:山葵、山嵛菜、哇沙米、() 芥末  wasabi
黃芥末、洋芥末  mustard
32. 甜菜 ()  beet(root)
例:(臉因尷尬而變得跟甜菜 () 一樣紅,意指臉紅  go/turn beetroot (red) =
         go as red as a beet(root) = go beet red
33. 馬鈴薯、洋芋  potato = spud = tattie = tater
例:馬鈴薯泥  mashed potato(es) (= mash)
  帶皮 () 烤的馬鈴薯  baked potato = jacket potato
洋芋片  (potato) chip = (potato) crisp
(肉和馬鈴薯,意指) 最基本的東西或部分  meat and potatoes  (其形容詞形式為 
   meat-and-potatoes)
(躺在沙發上的馬鈴薯,意指) 老是窩在沙發上看電視的人  couch potato
(很燙的馬鈴薯,意指) 燙手山芋、棘手的問題  hot potato
(小顆的馬鈴薯,意指) 無足輕重的人或事物  small potatoes = small beer
34. 番薯、地瓜、甘薯、紅薯sweet potato = yam (其也可指「山藥、薯蕷」(見下))
補充:番薯葉、地瓜葉  sweet potato leaves
35. 山藥、薯蕷  yam
36. 木薯 (澱粉)、樹薯 (澱粉)  cassava = manioc  (表「木薯澱粉」時,也可用  tapioca)
例:(由木薯澱粉做成的) 珍珠  tapioca pearl
37. 芋頭  taro
38. 蓮藕  lotus root
39. 牛蒡  burdock
40. 荸薺  (Chinese) water chestnut  (其中  water chestnut 也可指「菱角」,此時等於 water caltrop)
41. ()   ginger
例:薑粉  ground ginger
薑汁汽水  ginger (ale) = dry ginger
薑汁啤酒  ginger beer
42. () ()  garlic
例:一瓣大蒜  a clove of garlic
蒜末  minced garlic = crushed garlic
43. 洋蔥  onion
例:把洋蔥切細。 Chop the onion finely.
洋蔥圈  onion ring
比較:()   spring onion = green onion = scallion
() 香蔥、小蔥、蝦夷蔥  chives
韭蔥  leek
  (比較:韭菜  Chinese leek = Chinese chives
                 (補充:韭黃  hotbed chives
韭菜花  chives flower))
紅蔥頭、油蔥  shallot
44. 蘑菇  mushroom
例:可食用蘑菇  edible mushroom
           (比較:有毒蘑菇  poisonous mushroom)
奶油蘑菇湯  cream of mushroom soup
比較:香菇  shiitake (mushroom) (= shitake (mushroom))
 杏鮑菇  king oyster mushroom = king trumpet mushroom
 金針菇  golden needle mushroom = lily mushroom = enoki(take) (mushroom)
 松露  truffle
45. 黑木耳  Jew's ear = wood ear = jelly ear
比較:白木耳、銀耳  snow fungus = silver ear fungus = white jelly mushroom
46. 海帶、昆布  kombu
補充:紫菜、海苔  nori
髮菜  fat choy = black moss = hair weed