Jan 5, 2017

表達農場相關用語












. 農場、養殖場;農舍、農家;種/ ()、務農  farm 
      例:在農場工作  work on a farm
              經營農場  run/manage a farm
              酪農場、乳牛場  dairy (farm)
             養牛/養豬/養雞/養鴨/養鵝/家禽場  cattle/pig/chicken/duck/goose/poultry farm 
               (其中表「養豬場」時也可用hog farm piggery (其也可指「豬圈、豬欄」)
         養魚場、魚塭  fish farm
         有機農場  organic farm
比較:農地、耕地  farmland(s) 
            小塊農地、小農場  smallholding
            (尤指圍有柵欄或籬笆的) ()、田野、牧場  field
              (例:在田裡工作  work in a field
                       玉米田(或穀物田)/小麥田/()稻田/棉花田  corn/wheat/rice/cotton field
                        (其中「玉米田」常寫作  cornfield;此外,表「() 稻田」時也可用 
                          rice paddy   paddy (field)
               補充:稻草人  scarecrow)
            () 牧場、大農場  ranch = spread
             (例:在牧場工作  work on a ranch
                       牧羊/牧牛場  sheep/cattle ranch
                       渡假牧場、渡假農場  dude ranch)
            菜園  vegetable garden
              (比較:(一小塊) 菜園、菜田  vegetable patch/plot)
            果園  orchard
              (例:櫻桃園  cherry orchard
               補充:葡萄園  vineyard)  
            (尤指設有溫室 (greenhouse)、產品直銷給消費者或餐廳的果菜園、蔬果園 
              market garden = truck farm
            (茶葉、咖啡、煙草、甘蔗、棉花、橡膠等的) 種植園  plantation
              (例:茶園  tea plantation/garden)
            苗圃  nursery
補充:農舍、農家  farm(house)
              (比較:(包含農舍及週邊附屬建築 (outbuilding) 和土地的) 農莊  farmstead) 
            牛棚、牛舍  cowshed
            豬圈、豬欄、豬棚、豬舍  pigpen = (pig)sty = piggery (其也可指「養豬場」)
            羊圈 、羊欄、羊棚、羊舍  sheep pen = sheepfold
            馬房、馬廄、馬棚、馬舍  stable = stabling
            (尤指北美牧場或農場的) 馬圈、牛圈  corral
            (牲畜棚裡供一隻牲畜住的) 隔欄、分隔間  stall
            (養雞或其它家禽的) 籠子、欄舍  coop
            蜂箱  (bee)hive
              (比較:蜂巢、蜂窩  (honey)comb)
2. 農場主人、農夫、農民  farmer
例:自給自足的農民、收成僅供自身餬口的農民  subsistence farmer
        農夫市集  farmers' market
比較:小農場主人、小農  smallholder
            農場工人  farm worker/labo(u)rer = farmhand = (field) hand
              (比較:(尤指受短期雇用的) 農場工人  hired hand)
            佃農  tenant farmer
              (比較:(以作物來支付租金的) 佃農  sharecropper)
            (尤指舊時或貧窮國家的) 小農、佃農  peasant (farmer)
            (茶葉、咖啡、煙草、甘蔗、棉花、橡膠等的) 種植園主人、栽種者、栽種機 
              planter
            牧場主人、牧場工  rancher                 
3. 農業  agriculture (其也可指「農學」) = farming (其也可指「農場經營」) = husbandry 
     (其常用於  animal husbandry (畜牧業) 一詞中)
例:從事農業、務農  work in agriculture = be engaged in agriculture = farm =
                                      make one's living from the soil
        (先砍伐及焚燒樹木或農作物,再種植新的樹木或農作物的) 火耕農業 
          slash-and-burn agriculture
       集約 () 農業、密集農業  intensive agriculture
       自給自足的農業  subsistence agriculture
       有機農業  organic farming
       (耕種和畜牧並行的) 混合農業  mixed farming
補充:農業的  agricultural = agrarian (其也可指「耕地的」,例  agrarian land (()
                                                                地,等於  arable/cultivated land))
             (例:農業用地  agricultural land
                      農業經濟學  agricultural economics = agronomics)
            農業學家  agriculturalist
比較:農藝學  agronomy
            園藝 ()  horticulture
            林學、林業  forestry
4. 肥沃 ()  fertility
例:土壤肥沃度  the fertility of the soil
補充:肥沃的  fertile    不肥沃的、貧瘠的  infertile (= barren)
            施肥  fertilize ~
            肥料  fertilizer
              (例:人工/化學肥料   artificial/chemical fertilizer
               補充:堆肥、混合肥料  compost
                           糞肥 (尤指馬糞)  manure)
            (  pest (害蟲、害獸等) ) 殺蟲劑、農藥  pesticide
              (比較:(殺昆蟲的) 殺蟲劑  insecticide)
            除草劑  herbicide = weedkiller
            (土地) 休耕的  fallow
              (例:休耕地  fallow land
                       讓土地休耕  let the land lie fallow)
5. (/)、翻 ()  plow (= plough) 
補充:把犁人  plowman (= ploughman)
            犁溝、車轍  furrow
            ()   yoke
            (可用於拖拉犁或其他農業機具的) 拖拉機、牽引機  tractor
              (/)  harrow
6. 栽種 (種子、球莖、植物等到土裡)  plant
補充:栽種者、栽種機  planter
比較:播 ()  sow = seed
              (例:種瓜得瓜,種豆得豆。 As ye sow, so shall ye reap. =
                        You reap what you sow. (= You reap what you have sown.)
               補充:播種者、播種機  sower = seeder
7. ()、耕種  cultivate = grow
補充:(土地) 可耕作的  cultivable
            耕作者、耕種者  cultivator = grower  (其中 cultivator  也可指「耕耘機」)
            水耕法  hydroponics
              (補充:水耕 ()   hydroponic)
            (先砍伐及焚燒樹木或農作物,再種植新的樹木或農作物的) 火耕 
              slash-and-burn cultivation
            (某些熱帶國家的) 游耕、遷徙耕作  shifting cultivation
8. (透過渠道) 灌溉  irrigate
比較:給 澆水  water ~
補充:灌溉渠  irrigation channel/ditch/canal
            灑水器  sprinkler
            長嘴噴水壺  watering can
9. 收割 (/)、捕獵 (/)  harvest  (其表「收割」時,等於  reap;表「收割量」
    時,等於  crop  (見下))
例:收割時  at harvest (time)
        豐收  good/bumper/bountiful/abundant harvest 
        歉收  poor/bad harvest = crop/harvest failure
補充:收割機、收割者  harvester
              (例:聯合收割機  combine (harvester))
比較:採摘  (水果、花等)  pick
               (補充:新鮮採摘的   freshly picked ~
                            採摘者、採摘機  picker)
10. () 作物、莊稼;收割量  crop
例:經濟作物  cash crop
        基因改造作物  genetically modified crop (= GM crop)
        作物輪作、輪耕  (crop) rotation
        (作物形成的) 麥田圈  crop/corn circle
補充:農產品  (agricultural) produce = agricultural products
11. 牲畜、家畜  (live)stock
補充:頭 (計算牲畜數量用的單位)  head
              (例:300 頭綿羊  300 head of sheep)
            (給牲畜) 烙印  brand
12. (爲繁殖目的而) 飼養、培育、培植、育種;(尤指經人工培育的) 品種  breed  (其表
     「飼養、培育、培植、育種」時,也可用  raise  替代)
補充:飼養員、育種員  breeder
            (使) 混種、(使) 雜交;混種品種、雜種  cross-breed  (其表「(使) 混種、
                                                                                 (使) 雜交」時,等於  interbreed)
              (補充:混種的、雜種的  cross-bred (= hybrid)  純種的  pure-bred (=
                             pedigree))
13. 自由放養的、散養的  free-range
例:自由放養的雞、散養雞  free-range chicken    被關在層架式雞籠裡飼養的雞 
          battery chicken
14. (~、給 施肥;飼料  feed 
補充:(牲畜或家畜的) 飼料  fodder
              (比較:(馬或牛的) 飼料  forage)
            乾草、飼料草  hay
              (例:一大捆乾草  a bale of hay
               補充:乾草堆  haystack = hayrick
               比較:稻草  straw)
            飼料容器、餵食器  feeder
            飼料槽、飲水槽  trough     
              (比較:(尤指馬或牛的) 飼料槽  manger
            (用來儲存動物飼料等的) 筒倉、塔狀穀倉 silo
              (比較:穀倉  barn
                           (常指小麥) 穀倉  granary) 
15. 放牧;(尤指有蹄的哺乳動物所形成的) 牧群、獸群  herd  (若要表「(羊、鳥或鵝)
       群」,可用  flock)
補充:() 牧人  herdsman/herdswoman = herder 
            牧羊人  shepherd/shepherdess = sheepherder
            牧羊犬  sheepdog
            剪羊毛者  sheep shearer
            牧牛人   cowherd/cowherdess = cowhand 
              (比較:(美國西部的) 牛仔  cowboy/cowgirl)
            牧草 ()(在牧草 () ) 放牧或吃草  pasture  (其表「牧草 ()」時,等
                                                                                                    pastureland)
              (例:(在牧草 () ) 放牧    pasture ~ = put/send/turn ~ out to pasture =    
                                                                    graze ~ on a pasture)
                         (在牧草 () ) 吃草  ~ pasture = ~ graze (in/on) a pasture)
16. 擠奶、產奶  milk
補充:擠奶機、擠奶器  milking machine = (mechanical) milker  (其中  milker 也可指
            「擠奶工」)
            擠奶房  milking parlo(u)r
17. 屠宰、宰殺  slaughter = butcher (其也可指「屠夫、肉販」)                
補充:屠宰場  slaughterhouse = abattoir1